The DKT consisted of 7 items administered to the respondents. The mean of the item served as a measure of perceived susceptibility (M = 17.11, SD = 2.08). Samuel Ojima Adejoh lectures in the Department of Sociology, University of Lagos, Nigeria, at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The HBM states that an individual’s behavior can be predicted based on certain issues that the individual may consider (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers) when making a decision about a particular behavior concerning his or her health (Glanz, Lewis, & Rimer, 1990). Using the same method described above, participants’ responses were scored, ranked, and classified as good or poor and high or low. Diabetes Knowledge, Health Belief, and Diabetes Management Among the Igala, Nigeria, http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, http://www.uk.sagepub.com/aboutus/openaccess.htm, Baumann, Opio, Otim, Olson, and Ellison (2010), Nyenwe, Odia, Ihekwaba, Ojule, and Babatunde (2003), Jabbar, Contractor, Ebrahim, & Moahmood, 2001, Ayele, Tesfa, Abebe, Tilahun, and Girma (2012), Underutilization of Influenza Vaccine: A Test of the Health Belief Model, College Men and Women and Their Intent to Receive Genital Human Papillomavirus Vaccine, Low Back Pain Preventive Behaviors Among Nurses Based on the Health Belief Model Constructs. Perceived seriousness has been shown to have a mediocre effect (Jahanlou et al., 2008). Also, 29% of them had no formal education, 23% had primary education, 18% secondary education, and 26% post-secondary education. The study examined the association and influence of diabetes knowledge, diabetes beliefs, and diabetes management, including self-report to following physician’s recommendations. The study was approved by the ethical committee of Kogi State Ministry of Health. The implication of the finding is that diabetes knowledge is an important factor on how patients will follow their management plan but should not be seen as an end in itself. Distribution of Respondents by Diabetes Knowledge and Diabetes Management. Research Study Summary: A Health Belief Model-Social Learning Theory Approach to Adolescents' Fertility Control: Findings from a Controlled Field Trial 5. The analysis shows a significant relationship between perception of severity and diabetes management (1, N = 152) = 47.5555549, p = .000. On the issue of exercises, 46% did not know the effects of exercises on individuals. The Igala still hold on to their traditions, including the belief that traditional medicines can cure all kinds of illnesses. The chi-square result showed that there was no significant relationship between perceived barriers and diabetes management (p > .05). This enabled ranking as high or low, good or poor. 6. View or download all content the institution has subscribed to. The Health Belief Model The Health Belief Model is a tool that is used to predict different health behaviors in a person. st (2012) and Chinyere, Nandy, and Nwankwo (2010) claimed that most Nigerians with diabetes have suboptimal glycemic control, are hypertensive, have chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, and do not practice self-monitoring of blood glucose. A., Gallin, R. S., Condon, J. W. (, Glasgow, R. E., McCaul, K. D., Schafer, L. C. (, Harrison, J. The result shows that diabetes knowledge would significantly influence diabetes management (β = .262, t = 3.328, p = .001). The items were measured on a 5-point scale, ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. In this study, diabetes knowledge was associated with management status. View or download all the content the society has access to. (, Colleran, K. M., Starr, B., Burge, M. R. (, Fitzgerald, J. T., Funnell, M. M., Hess, G. E., Barr, P. A., Anderson, R. M., Hiss, R. G., Davis, W. K. (, Given, C. W., Given, B. The respondents rated four items acting as barriers to diabetes management status on a 5-point scale, ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. How the Health Belief Model was Developed 3. A., Ogbu, O. O. We examined these narratives within the framework of the health belief model and then engaged in emergent, thematic coding within each of the categories. These included “I would have to change too many habits and follow my prescriptions” to “following prescriptions interfere with my normal daily activities.” The mean of the rating was used to measure the perceived barriers (M = 11.88, SD = 2.48); higher scores showed more barriers to diabetes management. Similarly, Cerkoney and Hart (1980) found that the combination of the five HBM variables accounted for 25% of the variance in adherence, as measured by self-report in combination with a reactive direct observational procedure. The study showed that, even though some respondents had high diabetes knowledge, some of them still had low management status. Almost half of the respondents had low diabetes knowledge. The result further shows that there was an association between level of diabetes knowledge and diabetes management status (1, N = 152) = 8.456, p = .004. Diabetes Education: Health Belief Model. (, Williams, N. J., Whittle, J. G., Gatrell, A. C. (. To ascertain how many of the respondents scored high (good or satisfactory) or low (bad or poor) on each of the attributes, a norm above which a person was high and below which was low was created by adopting the mean. Table 6. While other empirical evidences from other studies suggest that people affected with diabetes often have inadequate knowledge about the nature of diabetes, its risk factors, and associated complications (Jabbar, Contractor, Ebrahim, & Moahmood, 2001; Kamal, Biessels, Duis, & Gispen, 2000). The health belief model (HBM)) is a social psychological health behavior change model developed to explain and predict health-related behaviors, particularly in regard to the uptake of health services. The health belief model (HBM), developed by Becker and Maiman (1975), is useful in explicating self-care activities such as diabetes management recommendations and has a focus on behavior related to the prevention of disease. However, metabolic control was not included, as it requires blood samples which were not performed in this study. Welcome to the Health Belief Model! Table 3. Frederick Fennell, Mercury Records, and the Eastma... An Empirical Revision of the Definition of Science Fiction: It Is All ... Social Concern, Government Regulation, and Industry Self-Regulation: A... Al-Deagi, F. A., McElnay, J. C., Scott, M. G. (, Arndt, V., Stürmer, T., Stegmaier, C., Ziegler, H., Dhom, G., Brenner, H. (, Arseneau, D. L., Mason, A. C., Wood, O. Add filter for American Diabetes Association (1) ... BACKGROUND: The Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) are used to explain screening behavior. His area of specialization is medical sociology. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click on download. Four items assessed perceived severity on a 5-point scale, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. This study was not an experimental design and was limited to self-report of the respondents. Many countries have also registered increased diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes, mostly among young children; and unfortunately, no known methods of prevention have been established for this health issue. ’Çô ! Origin of the Health Belief Model. Participants responded to four items about their perceived susceptibility to complications (such as “my diabetes would be worse if I did nothing about it”). About 60% of the respondents with low level of diabetes knowledge had poor management status, whereas 36% of those with high level of knowledge had poor management status. Hence, the hypothesis that stated that perceived susceptibility to complications of diabetes will motivate the individual to follow doctor’s recommendations was rejected. 43 Figure 2 Basic Elements of the Health Belief Model with their recommended therapies. According to the Health Belief Model, perceived severity and perceived susceptibility, defined as an individual's subjective perception of risk of developing a disease or a condition, is a key factor in predicting whether a person will adopt healthy behaviors to reduce that risk. Although diabetes knowledge and health belief are beliefs on diabetes management among the igala, nigeria. About 57% knew how best to manage their feet, while 12% got it wrong on how to take care of the feet. To quantitatively capture the degree of agreement to each item by the respondents, the items were scored from the lowest to the highest. Evidence-based information on health belief models and adherence from hundreds of trustworthy sources for health and social care. The Health Belief Model and Sexuality Education 4. Although diabetes knowledge and health belief are cognitive factors in diabetes management, they should not be considered in isolation of other social factors. Автор: Serj на 04:01. The Health Belief Model and Self-Care Behaviors amo ng Type 2 Diabetic Patients Hossein Vazini 1, Majid Barati 2* Introduction D iabetes is the most common important metabolic disease. Major Concepts 2. Hence, the validity of the model in this population has not been tested. Contact us if you experience any difficulty logging in. The value expectancy assumption of the model seems weak among the study respondents. A further analysis in Table 6 shows that health belief (β = .07865, t = 2.439, p < .016) was found to have strong influence on diabetes management. Health belief model examples diabetes health psychology quizlet chapter 6 google health mobile mens health workout plan health psychology chapter 4 health 354 health beauty uk health center downtown. Three broad areas can be identified: (a) preventive health behaviors, which include health promoting (such as diet, exercise) and health-risk (such as smoking) behaviors as well as vaccination and contraceptive practices; (b) sick-role behaviors, which refer to compliance with recommended medical regimens, usually following professional diagnosis of illness; and (c) clinic use, which includes physician visits for a variety of reasons. This product could help you, Accessing resources off campus can be a challenge. the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Diabetes management was measured using self-reports of the respondents on the performance of their physicians’ recommendations on medication, regular blood glucose testing, weight management, eye and foot examination, regular clinic visits, and regular physical exercise. SAGE Publications Inc, unless otherwise noted. However, the prevalence rate for Nigeria is put at 3.9% (International Diabetes Federation, 2009). þhÇinúc×ß{ÎÛdb¸äu,Rõ®kv¶S For more information view the SAGE Journals Article Sharing page. Preferred Gait Characteristics in Young Adults in Qatar: Physiological... Young Migrants’ Experiences and Conditions for Health: A Photovoice St... Hi-Fi, Middle Brow? Four items were used to measure perceived benefits of taking action by the respondents. The findings of this study are in line with a review which found that the individual components (severity, susceptibility, benefits, and barriers) each only accounted for 0.5% to 4% of the variance in behavior (Harrison, Mullen, & Green, 1992). This particular model of diabetes education involves four different components. B., Green, S. E. (, Ayele, K., Tesfa, B., Abebe, L., Tilahun, T., Girma, E. (, Baumann, L. C., Opio, C. K., Otim, M., Olson, L., Ellison, S. (, Bautista-Martinez, S., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., Lerman, I., Velasco, M., Castellanos, R., Zenteno, E., . (, Chinyere, H. N., Nandy, B., Nwankwo, B. O. If people living with diabetes are to follow their physicians’ recommendations, it is imperative for the physicians to understand their knowledge of diabetes and health beliefs about diabetes and how these affect their following physicians’ recommendations. Our findings suggest that, for depressed individuals, one’s uncertainty regarding the condition and treatment drives each element of the health belief model. I have read and accept the terms and conditions. The bivariate result showed that 35% and 64% of those with low and high perceived benefits, respectively, had poor diabetes management status, whereas 65% and 36% of those with low and high perceived benefits of following biomedical recommendations, respectively, had good diabetes management status. Moreover, the Health Belief Model deals only with personal perceptions such as perceived risk and perceived cost and thus is too subjective for application. Understanding knowledge of diabetes and health beliefs may help in designing an effective intervention program for those living with diabetes. This could have implications for how a person will manage his or her condition. Table 5. How Can I Use the Health Belief Model in my Setting? Garcia and Mann (2003) also confirmed the predictability of three variables out of the four variables, with susceptibility, barriers, and benefits explaining 43% of the variance of intention to resist dieting. The respondents’ mean age was 56. The Igala are an ethnic group in Kogi east, Nigeria. The third variable, benefits, concerns the perception that the diabetes regimen will be effective. The respondents were selected from seven hospitals owned by governments, private individuals, and faith-based organizations that served as both out-patient and in-patient clinics. Rather, other factors, such as socio-demographic characteristics, diabetes knowledge, perception, psychosocial factors, patients’ factors, and cultural beliefs (Arndt et al., 2001; Williams, Whittle, & Gatrell, 2002), will have to be all present to activate the beliefs. Type 2 is a preventable type of diabetes through diet and exercise. This article is part of the following special collection(s): Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Factors leading to non-compliance in elderly patients, Perception of severity of disease and health locus of control in compliant and noncompliant diabetic patients, Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus, Socio-demographic factors, health behavior and late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer in Germany: A population-based study, A comparison of learning activity packages and classroom instruction for diet management of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Self care behavior among patients with diabetes in Harari, Eastern Ethiopia: The health belief model perspective, Self-care beliefs and behaviors in Ugandan adults with type 2 diabetes, Sociobehavioral determinants of compliance with health and medical care recommendations, The role of health beliefs in the regimen adherence and metabolic control of adolescents and adults with diabetes mellitus, The relationship between the health belief model and compliance of persons with diabetes mellitus, Profile of Nigerians with diabetes mellitus—Diabcare Nigeria study group (2008): Results of a multicenter study, Factors influencing diabetes management outcome among patients attending government health facilities in South East, Nigeria, Putting diabetes to the test: Analyzing glycemic control based on patients’ diabetes knowledge, The reliability and validity of a brief diabetes knowledge test, From “I wish” to “I will.” Social-cognitive predictors of behavioral intentions, Development of scales to measures beliefs of diabetic patients, In diabetes care, moving from compliance to adherence is not enough: Something entirely different is needed, Barriers to regimen adherence among persons with insulin-dependent diabetes, A meta-analysis of studies of the health belief model, Problem solving in diabetes self-management: A model of chronic illness self-management behavior, Standard of knowledge about their disease among patients with diabetes in Karachi, Pakistan, Learning and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: Interaction of diabetes and ageing, Theory and practical applications of a wellness perspective in diabetes education, Factors affecting diabetes knowledge in type 2 diabetic veterans, Comparison of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior in the prediction of dieting and fasting behavior, Type 2 diabetes in adult Nigerians: A study of its prevalence and risk factors in Port Harcourt Nigeria, Control to goal of cardiometabolic risk factors among Nigerians living with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Beliefs about health and illness: A comparison between Ugandan men and women living with diabetes mellitus, The relationship between socio- demographic characteristics and dental health knowledge and attitudes of parents with young children, Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Sharing links are not available for this article. This deals with how inconvenient the regimen is perceived to be, for example, how much will it cost a patient to buy the drugs for a month considering other responsibilities before the patient. Also, the responses to all the questions were all self-reports. (1996) identify other components to include behavioral skills, cognitive problem-solving abilities, and a sense of efficacy in bringing these capabilities to bear to affect disease outcome. So the generalization of these findings must be with caution. Although... Read Summary. 7 Currently, 89% of the U.S. population perceives diabetes as a serious disease. Sign in here to access free tools such as favourites and alerts, or to access personal subscriptions, If you have access to journal content via a university, library or employer, sign in here, Research off-campus without worrying about access issues. H‰tWKrä6Ýû]Y9Uc–Hñ§eRYd“/ ‘ØcYRµÔž8Çȉ~ ’j½è àSuy힞—öå×׿Ÿ‘— For the present study, the health beliefs related with diabetes management were perceived severity and perceived benefits. The means of these ratings served as measures of perceived severity (M = 13.38, SD = 2.07). However, performing these practices has remained problematic for those living with the condition as it requires behavioral change. The study examined the association and influence of diabetes knowledge and health beliefs on diabetes management among the Igala, Nigeria. The result shows that statistically there is no relationship between the aggregate health belief and diabetes management. According to Klepac (1996), individuals will not carry out a health-related behavior unless they have at least a minimal level of health motivation and knowledge, see themselves as vulnerable and the condition as threatening, are convinced of the health behavior efficacy, and find few barriers to the action. The 7 items were directly from the University of Michigan DKT (2006) of 14 items but with modification, substituting the food items on the original DKT with the locally available food consumed in the study population. Based on the results from this study using HBM, it can be said that HBM alone is a poor predictor of diabetes management among those with diabetes in the studied population. The Health Belief Model is one of the oldest models of behavior analysis that has been used in numerous studies of health behaviors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [13]. Please check you selected the correct society from the list and entered the user name and password you use to log in to your society website. The respondents were scored based on total correct responses out of 7 items and were classified as either having low or high diabetes knowledge. This could be linked to the belief among the Igala that all diseases are curable using local herbs from competent herbalists. Baumann, Opio, Otim, Olson, and Ellison (2010) found that few patients did home glucose monitoring, considered activities of daily living as regular exercise, and lack healthy food choices. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which treatment beliefs and health behaviors predict diabetes health outcome as measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, blood pressure, and lipid profile. .Rull-Rodrigo, J. The fourth variable, barriers, refers to the perceived costs of adhering to the regimen. The health belief model was created in the 1950s by social scientists who wanted to understand why few people responded to a … For example, a 59 year old woman who sunbathes every day who doesn’t believe that she is at risk of skin cancer will continue to sun bathe. The result on the aggregate of all subscales of HBM showed that 42% and 51% of those with low and high perception of health belief, respectively, had poor diabetes management status, whereas 58% and 49% of those with low and high perception of health belief, respectively, had good management status. male patient educated up to pdc suffering from diabetes for the last 10 years and the health promotion model. This agrees with Glasgow and Anderson’s (1999) claim that disease-specific diabetes knowledge may be a process or mediating variable that interacts with other factors to affect self-care, which may affect short- and long-term health outcomes. A total of 54% of the respondents were women, whereas 46% were men. This finding is supported by Glasgow, McCaul, and Schafer (1986), who avers that beliefs about treatment effectiveness appear to have an important influence on diabetes self-management. GºæSÜá-Ík%ïãÜôaãæQbBÚ8~ëÙ!ê=tSÔõZ(RÄ +W<=܋OÍeJa¯yå6eÂTé*ÏUìp½p»È,ª‡ašãéT• 3}$`“»á:%iÉ-œx­VÕp€§L{¶…Ç,ù›eÅÞ*3[6î”$ߌ\§«»6µ_à¥T6¶Äµ‚†&ð@¥Ê|þ׶…Íüeà´¨Ûò„PNª¸òϾMèw×ó≋‚sœV+—ÿ±¹Øë%Lç+ˆöÊåÐÛ؇ëÜvzò5'¦—0/½t›òÇ׃Šè¾ðq¯èªú—+—ezü.ÎÃË©dÓ.¯¾è@–áÞ¦Þòq—…yڅÌ%Ë££½®R¿¨Sx–¯7~aœ.pMÁ¸ÞšÂØèÉÓÍ!äEºdH®|¼yöC¡‰ï>k-ûwk/îæęæÇa•Â÷• ÎË&YûSwSI¼ÄnMŠ äZ’0!þͶòʽ¸µèü5Æwû¤$°ˆÑÜUuh&{,ò$°RË]8$ßön6jß$²vS±úW€ Óh Some society journals require you to create a personal profile, then activate your society account, You are adding the following journals to your email alerts, Did you struggle to get access to this article? The study adopted 16 questionnaire items, as developed by Given et al. Okafor and Ofoegbu (2012) observed suboptimal glycemic, blood pressure control and dyslipidemia and overweight among subjects studied. Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Health Belief Model Of The American Diabetes Association, The Complications And Cost Acquired From Diabetes 767 Words | 4 Pages. Besides, most of the participants were only counseled after diagnosis on what to do and what not to do. The bivariate analysis showed that 73% and 17% of those with low and high perception of severity had poor diabetes management status, respectively, whereas 27% and 83% of those with low and high perception of severity of diabetes, respectively, had good diabetes management status. It includes practices that must be carried out by the patients themselves. How do individuals perceive developing problems due to diabetes, for example, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia? The HBM scale consisted of 16 items and was found to be reliable (16 items: α = 71), the subscales of perceived susceptibility (α = 72), perceived severity (α = 63), perceived benefits (α = 74), and perceived barriers (α = 71). If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box. Consensus among the health care providers in the communities attests to the low level of diabetes knowledge in the study communities they described the level of diabetes knowledge among the people as shallow. The first variable, susceptibility, refers to the perception of vulnerability to diabetes and its complications. These concepts were added to help the HBM fit better the challenges of changing habitual unhealthy behaviors, such as being sedentary, smoking, or overeating. This theory is based on the fact that the people tend to change their health behavior due to … Table 2 above shows that 49% of the participants had low diabetes knowledge, whereas 51% had high diabetes knowledge. feeling high and low blood sugar) cues the individual associates with taking action. The HBM was developed in the 1950s by social psychologists at the U.S. Public Health Service and remains one of the best known and most widely used theories in health behavior research. Find out about Lean Library here, If you have access to journal via a society or associations, read the instructions below. About 36% did not know what is the best method for testing blood glucose, while 9% said that it is through urine testing. (2008) that the acquisition of diabetes-related knowledge is not enough to increase compliance with diabetes treatment. Type 2 diabetes is said to be positioned to be one of the largest epidemics in human history and one of the major threats to human health in the 21st century (Zimmet, Alberti, & Shaw, 2001). (, Murata, G. H., Shah, J. H., Adam, K. D., Wendel, C. S., Bokhari, S. U., Solvas, P. A., Duckworth, W. C. (, Nejad, L. M., Wertheim, E. H., Greenwood, K. M. (, Nyenwe, E. A., Odia, O. J., Ihekwaba, A. E., Ojule, A., Babatunde, S. (, University of Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test . The respondents reported their belief of severity of their diabetes by rating how serious their diabetes will have bad effect on their future health (for instance, “my diabetes will cause me to be sick a lot”). In this example, the interventions are aimed at Due to its high prevalence, diabetes is considered as a health problem worldwide (1). About 59% did not know the effect of eating food that contains less fat, 18% said that it decreased the risk of kidney problem, whereas about 15% asserted that it decreases the risk for heart diseases. The health belief model (HBM), developed by Becker and Maiman (1975), is useful in explicating self-care activities such as diabetes management recommendations and has a focus on behavior related to the prevention of disease. Control his or her to adhere to medical prescriptions not included, as developed by Given al... 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