distance learning: online teaching techniques and approaches

Over time, though, new designs that fully exploit the unique characteristics of online learning are beginning to emerge. PDF | On Jun 1, 2016, Ahmet Selçuk Akdemir and others published Learning and Teaching: Theories, Approaches and Models | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate #HipHopEd is also a Twitter chat where educators convene every Tuesday night at 9 p.m. EST to discuss this approach to teaching. Professors transitioning from classroom to online teaching have several support resources available to them. For instance, a learner can watch a video lecture if they prefer visual learning, listen to the same lecture while they are driving or exercising if they prefer audio, or even read the transcript if text learning is their preference. Find the right technology. “The ability to participate in a ‘safe’ environment is also one of the hallmarks of online learning,” said Mr. Chapman. The world of online education is exciting for its potential to reach students individually, but what teaching techniques can do this? As with synchronous instruction, characteristics like class size and instructor preferences can influence which tools are used in an asynchronous online classes. Distance learning traditionally has focused on nontraditional students, such as full-time workers, military … “Not all students have the confidence (or language skills) to freely express themselves in a traditional course setting.”. As a result, it is important to consider what techniques have already been implemented with pedagogical success through particular online learning tools. What do you think? "Instructional Strategies," Illinois Online Network, "Design Your Course," Design & Teaching, Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation, Carnegie Mellon, "Simulations," Harvard Business Publishing. Asynchronous discussion boards are another, perhaps more structured means of addressing questions and discussions. Professors teaching classroom-based courses can evaluate instructional success through testing, students’ questions, and visual feedback during lectures. This session will also cover how to create engaging learning experiences that allow your students to both collaborate with peers and work independently at a distance. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 41(3), 319-346. doi: 10.2190/EC.41.3.d. Professors can visit LMS developers’ official websites to track and preview emerging capabilities, then assess their impact on student learning. However, not all online courses are structured the same way: where some allow a great deal of scheduling flexibility, others strive to recreate a more traditional campus-based course environment online. Case studies are another instructional method that places students in an active learning role while promoting research, problem-solving, and high-level cognitive skills. Edwards, M., Perry, B., Janzen, K., & Menzies, C. (2012). Teachers new to online instruction who would benefit from more guidance in this area—or online instruction in general—should not hesitate to find the support they need. It can be helpful for instructors to suggest reputable online resources students can consult for information. Modular is used in almost all subjects like natural science, especially in biology and medical education and even in social sciences as well as in computers education. They can confer with online teaching veterans on campus or through online groups, or attend regional and national conferences centered on best online teaching practices and learning management platforms. Some are providing synchronous (real-time) virtual learning via videoconference technology. In online learning, students create their own learning experience; it not only puts the student at the center of the learning experience, but also makes them responsible for their own learning. These delivery methods allow students to review and re-review lessons as necessary. Using the technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge framework to design online learning environments and professional development. Online biology students can use simulations for dissection while the University of Southern California uses managerial simulations that let students make decisions and experience their outcomes. Small group chats and forums can also become a sounding board for theories and discussion. Whatever the approach, distance learning can be a challenge. 5. Online education demands more independence, so students must be able to learn at least some of the material when professors are unavailable. Dr. Susan Aldridge, president of Drexel University Online, suggested virtual tools can also help online schools recreate the campus based learning experience online. Start with students. Learning analytics help instructors quickly identify areas of concern at any point so that they can adjust teaching methods, course materials, or objectives accordingly. Synchronous instruction replicates live, traditional coursework as closely as an online class can. Professors pull from a much larger instructional toolbox. Just as they would in a classroom, many online professors use lectures to transmit information, promote comprehension, and spark students’ interests. Students can review these clips as often as necessary to master the lesson. Often times, students can customize portions of the course management system (CMS) used by their school for their own personal preference, such as including a picture of themselves; changing the background color, font or font size for reading clarity; and even setting notifications. Our virtual students follow the same curriculum, study with the same faculty, and turn in the same assignments as their on-campus peers,” Dr. Aldridge told OnlineEducation.com. “We believe that a key element of education is intellectual engagement by students with others – faculty instructors, teaching assistants, and fellow students,” said Dr. Groves. An approach gives rise to methods, the way of teaching something, which use classroom activities or techniques to help learners learn. In the second webinar in Achieving the Dream ‘s Online Teaching & Learning through Disruption series we will address how to effectively communicate with your students, even when access may be challenging. Both teaching and learning in this online flipped-class format were significantly different from the traditional face-to-face class. Preparing simulations was once a lengthy, tedious process, but leading LMS platforms can streamline the process by allowing instructors to choose from a variety of scenarios that complement course content. Major colleges and universities sometimes use simulations to prepare online students for fieldwork traditionally carried out in a face-to-face setting. Framework for Online Teaching Techniques
8. Oups. Students are responsible for their own learning, which follows the standards and concepts students are required to learn. Many middle and high school teachers are already using a learning management system such as Google Classroom or Edmodo, distance learning toolkits, so sending out digital assignments is … Introducing Teaching Strategies’ Distance Learning Solution & The Creative Curriculum® Cloud. Linking pedagogical theory of computer games to their usability, Designing for learning: Online social networks as a classroom environment, Techniques and Tools: Effectiveness of Research-based Pedagogical Techniques through Online Learning Tools with Secondary Students. Once online instructors identify what they want to teach, and through what methods, they can review the online learning technologies available to them and identify those that complement their goals best. Online learning strengths lie in student empowerment, flexibility, accommodation, customization, collaboration, and creation. The following tools are just some of those that support real-time communication: Each of these tools encourages live participation and interaction, though some online professors also capture and upload lecture videos and chat transcripts for students who occasionally miss class. Pedagogical significance of wikis: Towards gaining effective learning outcomes. It’s one of the innovative teaching techniques that focuses on developing skills and competencies that students need in their every-day life. Online learning is used as a mode of delivering course content for students who follow distance learning courses. Teaching and Learning Online Communication, Community, and Assessment A Handbook for UMass Faculty Editors:My a P o e , Research Associate f or Assessment Mar tha L. A. Stassen Director of Assessment Office of Academic Planning and Assessment Univ ersity of Massachusetts Amherst This handbook is a joint project of the Center for Teaching, Office of Academic Planning and Assessment, … Technology allows colleges and universities to deliver courses in either format—something that impacts how professors teach online courses. All kinds of subjects are being taught … The instructional strategies described below are widely used in online courses, as outlined by Carnegie Mellon and the Illinois Online Network (ION). 1. “Instructors who teach in this space are also very much aware of the need for establishing a teaching presence that facilitates and directs the learning process in ways that engage students in active and authentic, measurable, and customized learning experiences,” Dr. Aldridge said. It also improves the accessibility of a course: Students who may struggle with a particular medium—students with a reading barrier such as dyslexia or a video barrier such as hearing or attention problems—are at a major disadvantage if that medium is the only way to engage with material. Like simulations, games let online students gain practical experience in an accessible digital environment. This technique helps students succeed while completing the tasks they really need. While the world of online education is exciting for its potential to reach students individually, the tools available for teachers to use are rapidly changing. Online learning strengths lie in student empowerment, flexibility, accommodation, customization, collaboration, and creation. Such tracking can be valuable. “Begin with the end in mind: What do you want learners to have accomplished at the end of the course? 25 Remote Teaching Tips To Engage Students In Distance Learning 1. Online learning also fosters collaboration in which students interact with each other, the teacher, various content, and even the outside world. Structure your online teaching to create a sense of routine. Online courses that allow students to view lectures, access materials, and collaborate with teachers and peers on their own schedule are called asynchronous courses. Providing video, audio, reading, and interactive content can make a course more engaging. They are empowered to make choices on how to explore content, which is accommodating to different learning styles. About This Guide. Problem-based learning (PBL) encourages students to practice many of the same skills as case studies while actively solving problems. This publication is a guide to the type of technology modes, education models, and instructional methods used for teacher pre-service and in-service distance learning across the globe. “The live sessions offer the opportunity for student mixing, and we believe that the additional perspectives of the larger, more diverse student body benefit all of our students.”. According to Kenneth Chapman, Vice President of Market Strategy at Distance2Learn, many students feel more comfortable participating in discussions online than in the classroom. The best collection of eLearning articles, eLearning concepts, eLearning software, and eLearning resources. Complete and submit the COT Enrollment Form. Use the following strategies to turn online teaching into ‘the new normal’: Create specific places for different learning resources. We also use this access to retrieve the following information: You can revoke this access at any time through your LinkedIn account. Underlying any language teaching approach is a theoretical view of what language is, and of how it can be learnt. Enrollment and Completion Requirements. While this can be straightforward to imagine in the face-to-face classroom, it is harder to conceptualize in the virtual setting. They are free to access materials whenever and wherever they want, using a system they are comfortable with. Simulations delivered in a realistic digital environment allow online students to test practical skills and knowledge remotely. Without the face-to-face interaction provided via physical classrooms, online instructors may have difficulty catering to unique learning styles. Distance learning has been promoted by the EdTech community since the start of the century. Professors can also refer to digital publications like the Online Learning Journal to review relevant studies, trends, and case studies. HipHopEd is an approach to teaching and learning that focuses on the use of hip-hop culture and its elements in teaching and learning both within and outside of traditional schools. Hewege, C. R., & Perera, L. C. R. (2013). Ang, C., Avni, E., & Zaphiris, P. (2008). Framework for Online Teaching Techniques
The techniques are organized according to the four communication paradigms used in computer-mediated communication: information retrieval, electronic mail, bulletin boards, and computer conferencing.
7. Guided design is an inquiry-based instructional method that encourages online students to familiarize themselves with resources available in their local communities. Schools are taking many different approaches. Still, teaching online also comes with some inherently unique challenges. Modular teaching is one of the most widespread and recognizes teaching learning techniques in United States, Australia and many other Western countries including Asian region. Reflecting on the affordances and constraints of technologies and their impact on pedagogical goals. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching This is a video in which Jack C. … Learners have an opportunity to ask questions and communicate their ideas while practicing analytical and cognitive skills. Initially, there were two separate influences: designs from classroom teaching; and designs inherited from print-based or multimedia distance education. How instructors deliver information, interact with students, and assess learning is much different in a virtual learning environment. Increasingly sophisticated online courseware addresses many of these differences, but only when teachers use the right tools in the right circumstances. This evaluation is another task simplified by online courseware. Many employ more than one technology, which could include the following: Each of these delivery formats allows instructors to overcome teaching challenges, but few programs adopt just one approach to teaching. Your students should come to see online teaching as a regular and predictable part of their day. This will save teachers’ time and frustration, as they cannot possibly implement every technique. A list of methods or techniques for teaching would include many ideas and examples, and a full discussion of them would fill volumes. Doering, A., Veletsianos, G., Scharber, C., & Miller, C. (2009). Students enrolled in asynchronous classes tend to communicate with peers and instructors using discussion boards, Web forums, and social media tools. Because online degree programs attract a larger share of out-of-region and nontraditional students, including working students, parents, and military personnel, professors must also learn to engage a more diverse group of learners. The pedagogical techniques employed in online learning should: As a result, I would argue that a constructivist, social, and collaborative learning paradigm be employed with secondary students in online education by teachers applying research-based pedagogical techniques through effective incorporation of various online learning tools. Education rooted in the teacher-center approach often uses direct instruction techniques, such as lecture while the students sit and take notes. Something Has Gone Terribly Wrong. “They are simply earning their degrees from a distance in a virtual classroom rather than a physical one, and communicating with their professors and fellow students through the wonders of technology.”. Journal of International Education in Business, 6(1), 51-70. doi:10.1108/18363261311314953, Lee, T. T., & Osman, K. (2012). Unlike most PBL projects, this technique requires students to complete some work outside of class. Professors can also search open source educational resources (OERs) like Merlot for compatible simulations made freely available by their creators. Some good examples of mixed-m… When used in a collaborative way, these exercises present another opportunity for online students to connect and learn from one another. In the teacher as facilitator approach to learning, very little teacher-centered instruction such as lecture and modeling takes place in the classroom. It will build on and improve your relationship with your students, as the teacher-student dynamic shifts from a less instructional model to a more collaborative one. Their well-being. In this approach teachers provide students with the concepts they are required to learn and the tools to learn about those concepts, such as websites, books and videos. And this can help with motivation, too. • WHOLE CHILD APPROACH The learning process itself takes into account not only the academic needs of the learners, but also their emotional, creative, psychological, spiritual, and developmental needs. Dr. James Groves, an associate professor of Engineering and the University of Virginia, discussed some of the benefits of synchronous instruction in an interview with OnlineEducation.com. Please Try Later. The examples of tasks can be booking a plane ticket or paying the bills. Degree-seeking Graduate Students. Using the artistic pedagogical technology of photovoice to promote interaction in the online post-secondary classroom: The students' perspective. Copyright © 2016-2020 Online Education Research, LLC, How Technology Impacts Online Instruction, Instructional Strategies for Online Courses, Assessing the Effectiveness of Online Instruction, Interview with Susan Aldridge, Ph.D. – Drexel University, Interview with Neal Caidin – Apereo Foundation, Interview with Kenneth Chapman – Desire2Learn, Interview with James F. Groves, Ph.D. – University of Virginia, Interview with Andrea Peto – Central European University, Interview with Diane Reddy, Ph.D. – University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Interview with Patrick Shannon, Ph.D. – University of New Hampshire, Interview with Jared Stein – Canvas by Instructure, Frequently Asked Questions About Online Education, Online Student Trends and Success Factors, Student Guide to Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism, Microsoft PowerPoint presentations with or without voice-over, Google Drive and similar collaborative tools, Tools for off-hour support, like virtual tutoring centers and virtual resource centers. A key consideration of online distance learning (ODL) courses is to ensure that technology does not become a barrier to learning … How will they have changed?” Mr. Stein said during an interview with OnlineEducation.com. Interactive multimedia module with pedagogical agents: Formative evaluation. Online instructors can also evaluate various teaching methods through assessments and student communications, but the data-driven nature of online technology offers a less subjective measurement of success. Teachers and students both benefit from knowing how various teaching methods work online, and in what circumstances. Instructional methods both depend on and inform how, and when, content is delivered Professors teaching large classes may find tools that allow student audio to interrupt lectures disruptive, and those that integrate live, two-way video at-will impractical. If you want to become a great online English teacher, the first thing you’ll need to do is find a reliable online platform or learning management system to help you communicate with your students. HipHopEd involves the use of hip-hop music, art and culture to create … Lecture is perhaps the most prevalent instructional strategy used in higher education—on campus and online. “You will want to choose the tools that provide the best opportunities to learn, practice, and socialize with the least amount of technical overhead.”. (2013). Fortunately, by incorporating some the best online teaching techniques you can provide a better learning experience to all. When undertaking this process we position the assessment design within the wider course design process (see diagram below). They are free to access materials whenever and wherever they want, using a system they are comfortable with. “In many ways, online learning at Drexel is similar to on-ground learning. Distance learning provides the ideal opportunity for trying out the flipped classroom, as students are doing so much learning from home anyway. Small classes, however, can often accommodate live, two-way audio and video, which provides an even more personal, classroom-like learning experience. Speaking of external media, it’s also important to provide material in a variety of formats. Learn more about how we use LinkedIn. No matter your … Therefore, even this approach needs to be modified for successful learning to occur in the virtual setting. I need an essay touching on e-learning, platform, apps and how they can be used when it comes to languages teaching, or more specifically, English teaching. In synchronous courses, professors pose questions and discuss course material using real-time chats and web-conferencing tools. Online classrooms provide the flexibility and convenience for both student and teacher, without compromising the quality of content delivered. To complete the Certificate in Online Teaching (COT): Discuss the COT with your advisor. Professors adopt tools and online instructional methods that support real-time learning and discussion. Both CSN and the ION suggest online lectures are most beneficial when used in conjunction with more active instructional strategies. Whether used in conjunction with lectures or as a separate learning exercise, class discussion supports learning and actively engages online students in the learning process. It requires a different approach and specific online teaching strategies to boost learning. In guided design, learners are tasked with solving open-ended problems. Given the fundamental design of online learning, namely that the teacher and student are not physically present, there must be a change from this learning paradigm so that each student can be successful in this learning environment. Teaching is a complex and multifaceted task. Pedagogical implications of online discussion for preservice teacher training. Teaching by showing is just as prevalent in online courses as traditional ones. An approach is a way of looking at teaching and learning. Higher Education Studies, 3(5), 68-80. doi:10.5539/hes.v3n5p68. Demonstrations are a mainstay when it comes to conveying certain concepts and processes. However, it is helpful to keep in mind that lectures place students in a passive role, which could negatively impact student engagement in the online learning environment. to those who fund, design, oversee, and teach distance learning programs for learners like Margaret Fitzsimons Burns. International Education Studies, 5(6), 50-64. doi:10.559/ies.v5n6p50. These virtual experiences are applicable in several fields and disciplines. When it comes to teaching online courses, technology matters. They can also increase student participation as learners may find them more engaging and less stressful than simulations. The term Distance Learning stresses on the different geographical presence of the student from the educational institution in a learning process whereas Online Learning highlights the method of learning that is based on the internet. Professors teaching synchronous courses are not limited to just content delivery method: they can combine them with additional technologies to accommodate a wider range of learners. This perspective may complicate the teaching process and result in poorer learning outcomes. This section identifies some of the most common instructional and content delivery methods used in online degree programs. Hazari, S., North, A., & Moreland, D. (2009). Programs that use asynchronous content delivery methods require a different approach to teaching—one that depends heavily upon the technologies used. Students are empowered through online learning in a number of ways. Some new tools support new methods of instruction. The data, called learning analytics, tells professor how often students are logging in, how much time they spend on each task, and how well they master the material. The traditional learning theory of ‘sage on the stage’, also known as passive transmittal learning, emphasizes the teacher as the center of the learning process. Online instructors can look to formal university training programs, technical support services, and other departments focused on online learning or instructional design for help. complicate the teaching process and result in poorer learning outcomes How should we view learning in online learning? Their day. A similar development has taken place with online learning. Dr. Aldridge discussed the relationship between online teaching methods and student learning experiences during an interview with OnlineEducation.com. Learning management systems (LMSes) typically allow instructors to record lectures, deliver them live, or both. 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