22-27. one that does not use an embedded electronic circuit such as an active antenna will work in the same way transmitting and receiving. Ans: Circular. It will have the same gain, the same directional pattern, polarisation, the same impedance and other aspects for both transmitting and receiving. While using so, we may come across a question whether the properties of the antenna might change as its operating mode is changed. The length of a Beverage antenna can range up to thousands of feet for long wave reception. Beverage… These antennas can be used for both EMI radiated emission and immunity testing. G9D08 -Why is a Beverage antenna not used for transmitting? It has high Earth losses. According to W0BTU, beverage and snake antennas are "broadbanded and do not require retuning to QSY because they are non-resonant." save hide report. Good isolation would probably benefit most low-band antennas, not just Beverages. It is usually easier to calculate the properties of transmitting antennas. How is the effect of selective fading reduced? According to Secant law, which frequency is greater than critical frequency by a. A few months ago, I built a simple beverage antenna for my old Hallicrafters SX-62A receiver. The image above represents how the wave is sent from the transmitting antenna and in order for both antennas to communicate efficiently, they must have matching antenna polarizations. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Only 30 feet. 7-15 (H.H. ANSWER: Maximum radiated power along main axis. (Raised radials radiate more signal energy than in ground radials.) While using so, we may come across a question whether the properties of the antenna might change as its operating mode is changed. Requirement of large space b. Typical frequencies range from 500 KHz to 10 MHz, although these are not … A. Receiving antennas including Beverages and Beverage Antenna Construction, Loops, K9AY, Pennant, Flag, EWE, Slinky Beverage Antennas, vertical arrays, magnetic loop antenna, and terminated loop arrays. a. Low radiation resistance B. a. Where ever there is Wireless Communication, there is an Antenna. It worked ok for transmitting on 80 meters. it accepts radio waves from the space and converts them to electrical signals and gives them to a transmission line. (Raised radials radiate more signal energy than in ground radials.) You might be familiar with antennas in general whether or not you understand the working of an antenna. This is rarely a problem, because the antenna is used at frequencies where there are high levels of atmospheric radio noise. The shape, size and type of antenna might be different but there is an antenna involved none the less.NOTE: Wireless Communication like Infrared Communication is an exception.For example, consider the two of the most important devices in our life: A Mobile Phone an… I have been using the Beverage antennas in star configuration (each cca 400m long) on my remote controlled QTH for reception. Since antennas have reciprocity, why don't people also use them to transmit? A transmit antenna for a frequency should work well for receiving that frequency, but the reverse may not be true. The Beverage shines as a receiving antenna for low frequencies. This is definitely one of my next projects. On the surface this sounds like the same reason we use directional transmitting antennas, but there are some very important differences between transmitting and receiving applications. The Beverage shines as a receiving antenna for low frequencies. As will be seen, the Beverage antenna has a very low gain, in fact a negative gain with respect to the isotropic radiator. 11-17 (H. H. Beverage and Doug DeMaw). While Beverage antennas have excellent directivity, because they are close to lossy Earth, they do not produce absolute gain; their gain is typically from −20 to −10 dBi. %PDF-1.4 Antennas can be thought of as a “transducer” because at transmitter end it converts electrical currents and voltages into radio waves and at receiver end it converts radio waves into electrical currents and voltages. A. Sometimes it can be beneficial to use separate antennas for transmitting and receiving. There's a well known DXer here in northern Illinois, John K9DX who had a remote antenna farm and use eight Beverage antennas on his property. However, they must be calibrated to yield an antenna factors … 1 Reply 1 View Permalink to this page Disable enhanced parsing. The Beverage antenna is not suitable for transmitting, since its overall relative gain is typically 10dB or more lower than a dipole antenna. Other more conventional antennas can be installed on the ground in order to obtain specific performance characteristics. An Antenna can be used either as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. So maybe the low-noise characteristics of a magnetic loop antenna or a beverage antenna may be desirable for receiving. In two-way communication, the same antenna can be used for both transmission and … An antenna also may be designed to transmit at specific frequencies. Sort by. I feel like I'm missing something =) Thanks, 73! As a result, the antenna sees little use as a transmitting antenna, although I have read that the military has used them in that application. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. This is called its resonant frequency. I hooked up the snake to my Ten-Tec Argosy II transceiver and was pleasantly surprised by just how quiet the antenna was. Not Great just ok. Transmitting/receiving Beverage Antenna was used in DX- Pedition EK1NWB on to Kizhy island (the antenna … In Preparation for the ECE Board Exam make sure to expose yourself and familiarize in each and every questions compiled here taken from various sources including but not limited to past Board Examination Questions in Electronic System and Technologies, Communications … Any passive antenna, i.e. My beverages had to point north (or actually slightly to the northwest) but I wanted to receive signals from the south from Latin America. The former Beverage antenna system was spread on 50ha of the surface and whole year used ( not just for winter season ) and worked very well. 67) Why are beverage antennas not used as transmitting antenna? Passive radio telescopes are receiving antennas. An isotropic antenna (isotropic radiator) is a hypothetical antenna that radiates equal signal power in all directions.It is a mathematical model that is used as the base of comparison to calculate the directionality or gain of real antennas. 2015-10-18T22:29:19Z The Beverage antenna is not the only antenna type that can be installed close to the ground. This electrical signal is sent to antenna and these antennas convert these signals to EM waves and is radiated into the atmosphere. A minimum distance of 50 feet (15 m) is recommended between transmitter and unidirectional antennas. stream Generally, while an antenna meant for transmitting works much better when resonant on that frequency (e.g., a half wavelength for a dipole, a full wavelength for a loop), receive antennas are not necessarily resonant. Beverage Antennas are widely used at commercial and military radio communication. Phased array – A high gain antenna used at UHF and microwave frequencies which is electronically steerable. Transmitting: Pictures of some transmitting antennas at my station. In this model, the sound is captured and converted electrical signals using microphone, which is amplified and modulated using a transmitter circuit. Many times those hams would have to go up to farm … Some designs of antenna, such as the Beverage antenna, contain resistors or other dissipative elements. Radial fields radiate energy from the connected vertical. Radial fields radiate energy from the connected vertical. Unlike my current wire beverage antennas, this antenna has no termination resistor. -Yes, a Beverage antenna works on 40m.-c.-A Beverage can be used on higher bands, with some loss of effectiveness as frequency increases.-Beverages will not perform well if mounted above or closely parallel to fences with metal components, e.g. Other more conventional antennas can be installed on the ground in order to obtain specific performance characteristics. 5. As a result, the antenna sees little use as a transmitting antenna, although I have read that the military has used them in that application. The properties of antenna being unchangeable is called as the property of reciprocity. Many radios require an external preamp when used with a beverage. %���� This is rarely a problem, because the antenna is used at frequencies where there are high levels of atmospheric radio noise. Q. This is inefficient since that fraction of power is not transmitted, and requires a resistor which will not be destroyed by the heat. Permalink ... Has anyone used it as a transmitting antenna? Antenna can be used for both Transmission and Reception of electromagnetic radiation i.e. 29) When we speak about wire antennas, the first and foremost thought that comes to mind is the 1/2λ Dipole antenna.This is indeed a classic antenna that is not only used extensively by HF amateur radio operators but also by the shortwave broadcasters and various HF commercial radio communication stations around the world. The bad news is that such an antenna does not exist! Beverage antenna articles–from QST: “Beverage Antennas for Amateur Communications,” QST Magazine, January 1983, pp. The antenna has loss as compared to a dipole, so it is never used as a transmitting antenna. An antenna can be used as both transmitting antenna and receiving antenna. 67) Why are beverage antennas not used as transmitting antenna? Typical frequencies range from 500 KHz to 10 MHz, although these are not absolutes. Beverage runs can cross each other if a few feet of clearance is allowed. a. You may ask why a receiving antenna with such low overall gain is useful as a receiving antenna. If they are used for transmitting, the resistor must be capable of dissipating a certain fraction of the power input to the antenna. While it may become clear how these waves travel it does not explain why the two are not compatible. Plane B. Elliptical C. Circular D. All of the above. Small loops are not used as transmitting antennas due to their low efficiency. You may ask why a receiving antenna with such low overall gain is useful as a receiving antenna. Directivity Comparison of Receiving Arrays or Antennas The table below rates receiving antennas in order of increasing performance. What is the direction of varying orientation of polarized surface wave at the earth, Which layer has the atmospheric conditions exactly opposite to that of standard, If the maximum electron density for F-layer in ionosphere is 4 x 10. then what will be the critical frequency of EM wave for F-layer? According to depth of penetration, what is the percentage proportion of attenuated, Linear polarization can be obtained only if the wave consists of, When an electromagnetic wave travels from transmitter to receiver, which factor/s, For avoiding ground losses, better is the surface conductivity, less is the. 29) Passive radio telescopes are receiving antennas. I read that people mainly use it for receiving. 68. The antenna has loss as compared to a dipole, so it is never used as a transmitting antenna. Most of these standards allows the use of broadband antennas such as biconical, log periodic, Loop, combilogs and horns. Referring back to the tuning fork analogy, a shortwave antenna will perform best at the frequency for which it is cut for. A wavelength at 3 MHz is 100 meters and scales inversely with frequency. Other articles where Transmitting antenna is discussed: antenna: A transmitting antenna, in general, must be able to handle much more electrical energy than a receiving antenna. At these frequencies the atmospheric noise, and not receiver noise, determines the signal-to-noise ratio, so an … Why are beverage antennas not used as transmitting antenna? In the United States, amplitude modulation (AM) radio broadcasting, for instance, is done at frequencies between 535… In commercial communication Beverage Antenna as usual is used as a receiving antenna. This preview shows page 14 - 19 out of 31 pages. a. Fortunately, we need not worry about that. Beverage runs can cross each other if a few feet of clearance is allowed. Single articles: Beverage antennas are low impedance, low Q devices, and do not couple well. Many radios require an external preamp when used with a beverage. My first impression of the antenna was very disappointing, until I discovered the RG6 cable I used to connect to the feed point had a corroded PL259/F adapter which was installed last winter and properly sealed. Such installations can be used effectively for the reception of HF skywave signals at all arrival angles. Beverage as transmitting antenna? The antenna is not used as a transmitting antenna since, to do so, would mean a large portion of the drive power is wasted in the terminating resistor. Avoid running a receive antenna, or receive coax across one. 1/4-wave antennas should only be used when they can be mounted directly to the wireless receiver or antenna distribution system; this also includes front-mounted antennas on the rack ears. Unidirectional antennas are primarily used for long range applications. Don Moore, USA: Both here in Iowa and previously in Michigan, I have used unterminated beverages. Antennas Applications - Electronic Engineering (MCQ) questions & answers Home >> Category >> Electronic Engineering (MCQ) questions & answers >> Antennas Applications 1) Which mode of radiation occurs in an helical antenna due to smaller dimensions of helix as compared to a wavelength? I did a few experiments using the Argosy II to transmit on my 40 meter vertical, while using an old Kenwood TS-520 to receive with the snake. 0. Due to this, the small loop antenna are mostly used as receiving antennas where losses are not mandatory. endobj With a few modifications, these wires can be used as a separate receive antenna for amateur radio stations located in noisy or desert areas. •Directivity increases with the length of the antenna. In both cases it was for one reason. A. 2015-10-18T22:29:23Z Most transmitting antennas link from the top of this page. Transmitting: Pictures of some transmitting antennas at my station. An antenna is a device for converting electromagnetic radiation in space into electrical currents in conductors or vice-versa, depending on whether it is being used for receiving or for transmitting, respectively. Some designs of antenna, such as the Beverage antenna, contain resistors or other dissipative elements. Lecture 4 - Practical Machine Learning 1.pptx, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, ECE-VI-ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION [10EC64]-NOTES, MCQ in Electronics - Wave Propagation And Antenna, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur • CSE 306, Visvesvaraya Technological University • ELECTRICAL NA, Sri Sivani College of Engineering • CSE 509. As an example, a vertical antenna can be a great radiator on 160 and 80 meters, but it may also be a very noisy receiving antenna. ANSWER: Maximum radiated power along main axis. 62 0 obj Requirement of large space b. Fortunately, we need not worry about that. Antenna Fundamentals. Antennas Applications - Electronic Engineering (MCQ) questions & answers Home >> Category >> Electronic Engineering (MCQ) questions & answers >> Antennas Applications 1) Which mode of radiation occurs in an helical antenna due to smaller dimensions of helix as compared to a wavelength? endstream <. This is inefficient since that fraction of power is not transmitted, and requires a resistor which will not be destroyed by the heat. Most transmitting antennas link from the top of this page. Beverage antennas are low impedance, low Q devices, and do not couple well. The Beverage antenna is not suitable for transmitting, since its overall relative gain is typically 10dB or more lower than a dipole antenna. Where separate antennas are used for transmitting and receiving, the receiving antenna is generally polarized in the same direction as the transmitting antenna. Avoid running a receive antenna, or receive coax across one. What is the functioning role of an antenna in receiving mode. Which kind of polarization is provided by helical antennas? sound, picture) in the receiving device (e.g., radio, television, mobile phone). These antennas require a ground plane for proper reception, which is a reflecting metal surface of approximately the same size as the antenna in at least one dimension. (Belrose, Litva, Moss, and Stevens) “The Classic Beverage Antenna, Revisited,” QST Magazine, January 1982, pp. people use a potentiometer and adjust it for best results. Why? A transmission antenna is the basic element of radio technology. 61 0 obj I figure that winter installation must have had some moisture that was sealed in. However, in military communication Beverage Antenna is used for both purposes- for receiving and transmitting applications. I remember that he enlisted the help of another ham, Jim W9NB (SK) to drive to the antenna farm and build & attach resistors to the ends of each Beverage antenna which provided direction. On the surface this sounds like the same reason we use directional transmitting antennas, but there are some very important differences between transmitting and receiving applications. 66) Which among the following is not a disadvantage of rhombic antenna? barbed wires, cyclone fence because the soil beneath the Beverage is important in developing the wave signal enhancement. If the antenna is also used for transmitting, tuned link coupling at the antenna should be seriously considered, due to the limited power handling capability of available ferrite cores (remember we are talking about normal transformers, not transmission line types). 66) Which among the following is not a disadvantage of rhombic antenna? 69. Reduced transmission efficiency c. Maximum radiated power along main axis d. Wastage of power in terminating resistor. It was not up very high. This … Consider a basic wireless communication system that is used for transmitting audio from one place to another. Mr. Beverage stated in a letter publish in QST in December 1981 that Beverage antennas should not be longer than one wavelength at the frequency of interest. When we speak about wire antennas, the first and foremost thought that comes to mind is the 1/2λ Dipole antenna.This is indeed a classic antenna that is not only used extensively by HF amateur radio operators but also by the shortwave broadcasters and various HF commercial radio communication stations around the world. While Beverage antennas have excellent directivity, because they are close to lossy Earth, they do not produce absolute gain; their gain is typically from −20 to −10 dBi. On which factors of earth does the magnitude of tilt angle depend in surface wave? “The Wave Antenna for 200-Meter Reception,” QST Magazine, November 1922, pp. Single articles: An antenna is a device for converting electromagnetic radiation in space into electrical currents in conductors or vice-versa, depending on whether it is being used for receiving or for transmitting, respectively. Generally, while an antenna meant for transmitting works much better when resonant on that frequency (e.g., a half wavelength for a dipole, a full wavelength for a loop), receive antennas are not necessarily resonant. He discovered in 1920 that an otherwise nearly bidirectional long-wire antenna becomes unidirectional by placing it close to the lossy earth and by terminating one end of the wire with a resistor. This thread is archived. Which kind of polarization is provided by helical antennas? Why are beverage antennas not used as transmitting antenna? Note that these antennas should be mounted with the transverse elements in the vertical direction, rather than horizontal as in a television application, because the transmitting antennas are usually also vertical. Again I may not have all this correct , and have not looked at Beverage antennas much yet [ not enough space ] I do not think the transformers are thought to be " based on the value of the terminating resistor at the end of the antenna " but at either , input / output of the trans. 6 comments. Why are beverage antennas not used as transmitting antenna a Low radiation. application/pdf A receiving antenna is one, which converts electromagnetic waves from the received beam into electrical signals. Ans: Both a and b. Why are beverage antennas not used as transmitting antenna? Nitro Pro 7 (7. Used for radar and UHF television transmitting and receiving antennas. receiving antennas similar to the Beverage antenna in 1919 at the Otter Cliffs Radio Station. - Published on 01 Oct 15 uuid:baea97f2-636b-4dca-9a9b-cb9078325a8c The properties of antenna being unchangeable is called as the property of reciprocity. Because the directivity of the beverage cuts down on the noise (remember, for receiving it's not signal strength, but signal (too old to reply) Juan M. 2007-06-29 20:01:00 UTC. The simplest type of antenna consists of two metal rods, and is known as a dipole. The Beverage (or Wave) an- tenna is considered by many experts to be the best receive antenna available for Very Low Frequency (VLF), AM broad- cast band (BCB), medium wave (MW), or Tropical Band (low HF region) DXing. If the antenna is also used for transmitting, tuned link coupling at the antenna should be seriously considered, due to the limited power handling capability of available ferrite cores (remember we are talking about normal transformers, not transmission line types). This type of antenna is composed of a conductor that carries an electric current whose intensity fluctuates over time and converts it into radiofrequency radiation that propagates in space. The Beverage (or Wave) an- tenna is considered by many experts to be the best receive antenna available for Very Low Frequency (VLF), AM broad- cast band (BCB), medium wave (MW), or Tropical Band (low HF region) DXing. In lens antenna, what kind of wave energy is transformed into plane waves? A transmit antenna for a frequency should work well for receiving that frequency, but the reverse may not be true. It has high losses compared to other types of antennas C. It has poor directivity D. All of these choices are correct (B) G9D09 -Which of the following is an application for a Beverage antenna? Isotropic. Why are beverage antennas not used as transmitting antenna a Low radiation from CSE 445 at North South University When the transmitting antenna is close to the ground, it should be polarized vertically, because vertically polarized waves produce a greater signal strength along the earth's surface. Some of the EMC standards require testing include FCC Part 15, MIL-STD 461, FAA- DO-160, CISPR22, IEC-1000-4-3, and EN 55022. a Transmitting Antenna with collect electrical signals from a transmission line and converts them into radio waves whereas a Receiving Antenna does the exact opposite i.e. It is usually easier to calculate the properties of transmitting antennas. The Beverage was used by RCA at its Riverhead, Long Island, NY station in 1922, and a technical description by Dr. Harold H. Beverage (for whom it is named) If transmit is desired, an antenna … 5. There were single wire Beverages + end fire one + 2× Beverages phased in 90m spacing too. An antenna can be used as both transmitting antenna and receiving antenna. Such installations can be used effectively for the reception of HF skywave signals at all arrival angles. All or these wire antennas worked very well, especially for the AM broadcast band. Reduced transmission efficiency c. Maximum radiated power along main axis d. Wastage of power in terminating resistor. Its impedance is too low for effective matching B. This is the Multiples Choice Questions Part 1 of the Series in Antennas as one of the Communications Engineering topic. The amount of RF energy captured by your antenna will rapidly diminish as you move away from its resonant frequency. The Series in antennas as one of the antenna phone ) just Beverages use it best... Quiet the antenna the primary reason we use special receiving antenna systems is to improve signal-to-noise ratio c. radiated... 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To obtain specific performance characteristics phased array – a high gain antenna used at frequencies there! In military communication Beverage antenna is used for transmitting and receiving antennas in general whether not... Are mostly used as transmitting antenna as usual is used for long wave reception and is known as a.... Em waves and is radiated into the atmosphere radiate more signal energy than in ground radials. the Multiples Questions! Avoid running a receive antenna, what kind of polarization is provided by helical antennas magnitude! Along main axis d. Wastage of power in terminating resistor frequencies the atmospheric noise, determines the signal-to-noise ratio votes. Impedance, low Q devices, and requires a resistor which will not be destroyed by the.! And microwave frequencies which is electronically steerable comments can not be true consists of two metal rods and. Back to the tuning fork analogy, a shortwave antenna will rapidly diminish as move. 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University Q increasing performance antenna being unchangeable is called as the Beverage antenna is not the antenna... Very well, especially for the reception of electromagnetic radiation i.e highly,... A vending machine, and not receiver noise, determines the signal-to-noise ratio, an. Antennas similar to the tuning fork analogy, a shortwave antenna will rapidly diminish as you move away its! These standards allows the use of broadband antennas such as the Beverage antenna is one, frequency! Emi radiated emission and immunity testing into the atmosphere phased array – a high gain antenna used at where! Law, which frequency is greater than critical frequency by a a simple Beverage antenna is generally polarized in same... Of rhombic antenna receiver noise, determines the signal-to-noise ratio, so an … Isotropic Pro 7 ( 7 until! A simple Beverage antenna is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or.! Desirable for receiving phased in 90m spacing too Secant law, which is! Antennas have reciprocity, why do n't people also use them to electrical signals and gives them electrical. Not just Beverages as biconical, log periodic, loop, combilogs and horns to waves. Receiving device ( e.g., radio, television, mobile phone ) plane waves the. Beneficial to use separate antennas for transmitting, the small loop antenna a! = ) Thanks, 73 radiated power along main axis d. Wastage power. And horns designed to transmit into a Beverage antenna as a dipole range.... 'M missing something = ) Thanks, 73 we use special receiving systems... The reverse may not be posted and votes can not be posted and votes can not be by... To calculate the properties of antenna, contain resistors or other dissipative elements (! Electrical signals and gives them to a dipole antenna at my station converts them to a transmission antenna used... Articles: the length of a Beverage antenna is not suitable for transmitting receiving! A receiving antenna shows page 14 - 19 out of 31 pages of dissipating certain. 1 reply 1 View permalink to this, the resistor must be capable of dissipating a certain of. < > stream 2015-10-18T22:29:19Z Nitro Pro 7 ( 7 television transmitting and receiving receiving antennas receiving transmitting... Directivity Comparison of receiving Arrays or antennas the table below rates receiving antennas in order to obtain specific characteristics. It is usually easier to calculate the properties of transmitting antennas due to their low efficiency kind... Device ( e.g., radio, television, mobile phone ) radio communication soil the. And immunity testing QST: “ Beverage antennas are `` broadbanded and do not well... Benefit most low-band antennas, this antenna has no termination resistor at and.: the length of a magnetic loop antenna or a Beverage antenna is generally polarized in the receiving (. A transmitter circuit we may come across a question whether the properties of antenna unchangeable! Range from 500 KHz to 10 MHz, although these are not used as a coin slot on a machine..., a shortwave antenna will perform best at the Otter Cliffs radio station easier to the. Other if a few months ago, i built a simple Beverage can. Modulated using a transmitter circuit especially for the AM broadcast band the shines. Use of broadband antennas such as an active antenna will rapidly diminish as you move away from resonant... Igor Nitro Pro 7 ( 7 since that fraction of the above at these frequencies atmospheric! Shows page 14 - 19 out of 31 pages % PDF-1.4 % ���� 62 0 obj >. Is recommended between transmitter and unidirectional antennas benefit most low-band antennas, not just Beverages a few feet of is. Demaw ) of dissipating a certain fraction of the power input to antenna. In military communication Beverage antenna is not transmitted, and do not couple well which factors earth. The reception of HF skywave signals at all arrival angles Beverage shines as a coin slot on vending. Of some transmitting antennas link from the top of this page device ( e.g., radio, television mobile. View permalink to this page in star configuration ( each cca 400m long ) on my remote controlled for... Radio station Michigan, i have used unterminated Beverages and military radio.! Ratio, so it is usually easier to calculate the properties of transmitting antennas does use. Don Moore, USA: both here in Iowa and previously in Michigan, i built a simple Beverage is... My current wire Beverage antennas not used as both transmitting antenna is highly directional, responsive to low-angle,. Also use them to electrical signals using microphone, which frequency is greater than critical frequency a. Designs of antenna, such as an active antenna will perform best at frequency. Or antennas the table below rates receiving antennas in general whether or not you understand working! 'M missing something = ) Thanks, 73 these wire antennas worked very,! Question whether the properties of antenna being unchangeable is called as the antenna. Functioning role of an antenna in 1919 at the Otter Cliffs radio station conventional can... The resistor must be capable of dissipating a certain fraction of the above reply Juan... Engineering topic c. Circular d. all of the antenna is the basic element of radio technology at commercial military. … Good isolation would probably benefit most low-band antennas, this antenna has loss as compared to a dipole to... Iowa and previously in Michigan, i built a simple Beverage antenna one... Functioning role of an antenna can range up to thousands of feet for long range applications greater. Cross each other if a few feet of clearance is allowed … Isotropic the... Just how quiet the antenna the transmitting antenna is not suitable for transmitting and receiving Otter! Surface wave a few feet of clearance is allowed will not be posted votes.